Measuring Emotion
To facilitate this research program, Dr. Pascual-Leone has developed conceptual and descriptive research tools (i.e., observational measures of emotion, identifying subtypes of emotional processing). He is the primary author on four research instruments. Two of these measures are designed as process measures of emotion: Classification of Affective-Meaning States (CAMS; Pascual-Leone & Greenberg, 2005) and the Complexity of Emotion Regulation Scale (Pascual-Leone & Gillespie, 2007).
The CAMS was developed as a clinically relevant measure for coding aroused emotion from psychotherapy videos. The CAMS makes nuanced distinctions to identify productive vs. unproductive subtypes of emotional experiences that are common to psychotherapy. Eight such emotion codes are described using verbal and non-verbal criteria and have since been applied to clinical and non-clinical material to successfully predict health care outcomes. The measure is currently being used in research projects at several institutions around the world (e.g., University of Windsor, York University; Trinity College University, Ireland; University of Lausanne, University of Bern, Switzerland, with other projects being developed in Portugal and Israel). Thus, these tools have shown considerable utility in research. The tools also have application within therapy - clinicians use these tools to perceive in-session phenomenon that predict change. In addition to studying the relationship of the constructs that he has developed to psychotherapy outcome, Dr. Pascual-Leone has conducted research on psychotherapy training and case formulation which incorporate these measures (e.g., Pascual-Leone, Gillis, Singh, & Andreescu, 2013; Pascual-Leone & Andreescu, 2013; Pascual-Leone, Rubio-Rodriguez, & Metler, 2013).
Possible Resources
The CAMS is a categorical measure of emotion types. The measure and other related support files are available here for download. The measure is copywritten 2005 and is also currently under textual revision. Please feel free to contact Dr. Pascual-Leone with any questions or support in the use of the measure. A number of researchers have used this measure is several different ways and Dr. Pascual-Leone encourages collaborations of consultations whenever possible.
For the CAMS (measure)
A flow-chart is being developed to help raters with the decision process when using the CAMS. This tool is a beta-version still under development.
For Coding Template
This is a tool for calculating reliability and determining common points of error or discrepancies between raters. Linked is the CAMS Confusion Matrix.
For Rater Matrix
These are examples of Affective States Codes from cases of complex interpersonal trauma. The blank CAMS coding worksheet is available.
For Examples
We hope you find these support tools useful. Your feedback or questions are welcome! Linked here are CAMS Training Examples
Email: apl@uwindsor.ca
Research Instruments
*Note: Student's coauthorship are indicated in italics
Pascual-Leone, A. (2010). Emotion priming tasks for expressions of early distress and advanced meaning making. Unpublished measure. University of Windsor, Windsor, ON. English Version.
- This tool is available in both English and German versions.
Pascual-Leone, A., Singh, T., & Scoboria, A. (2010). Windsor Deception Checklist [Database record]. Retrieved from PsycTESTS. (also published in Canadian Psychology, 51, p. 248). doi: 10.1037/t01685-000
Pascual-Leone & Gillespie (2007). Complexity of Emotion Regulation Scale (CERS). Unpublished manuscript. University of Windsor, Windsor.
Article and Scale
Pascual-Leone, A. & Greenberg. L. (2005). Classification of Affective-Meaning States. In A. Pascual-Leone’s, “Emotional processing in the therapeutic hour: “Why the only way out is through” (pp. 289-367), Unpublished doctoral thesis. York University, Toronto.